Journal Topic :: essays research papers

Journal 1Echternacht, Lonnie & Wedmaier, Cheryl. (2000) short letter Professionals and Business Educators Perceptions of Database Competencies Needed for Entry-Level Employment. NABTE, 34-39.How much instruction does a student look at to receive a good job? The business world changes so much that a person is not able to keep up with the education that goes along. In the article it gives you the idea that a person can graduate from college and then in five years, what they learned is not used any more. Business changes so much it is hard to tell what the future will do. Researches think that students need to learn different skills to help them show up in the work place. The mark of the study was to find out what database competencies are important for a job in the business field. Also, how do the experts rate the competencies that are giving to them? The researchers move out questionnaires to teachers who use or teach database classes. The questionnaires were made up from diffe rent resources that had extensive study on the background. The researchers sent them out by e-mail to all elect participants. The participants were asked if they would mind being part of the study and if so e-mail them back. The study would consist of three parts all three parts would consist of participants communicating with the researchers. The first part the participants had to rate the competencies of database material. The researchers sent out 64 competencies and the participants could delete and add any to the list. Part two consisted of revaluating their pervious work. The participants could make changes if they felt it was appropriate. The researchers sent out information again to have participants complete three rounds of study. The study showed the competencies that the participants thought were important. The researchers took the range from all of the participants. It scored them from one to six. Six is the highest and one is low and the participants did not spend much t ime teaching it or thought it needs to be taught. Save the database file, enter records into databases, and review, edit, and delete database files were some that scored a six. The conclusion showed that battalion with interest in the business field should be aware of data base software and database management systems.

The Evolution of Sex Essay -- Reproductive Science

IntroductionLife on Earth is all about sex. But sex is farthermost more attributable to our animalistic instincts than many humans even realize. Animals and human beings, alike, go through unimaginable things to ensure their genes are passed on for another generation. The wizard goal in most species lives is to reproduce so that some parts of their DNA or genes get handed down. Clearly without reproduction and sex, which are clearly different terms, the species would become extinct. Because of this inescapable fact, the evolution of sex is a very of import topic. One may say that sex drives evolution and evolution drives nature, which in turn makes sex the center of existence. When examining the evolution of sex there are many different topics and facts to be looked at closely. This paper will give a brief description of the history of cozy reproduction and how it has evolved over the past 600 million years. Next, a discussion on Darwins theories of natural selection and sexu al selection and their role in evolutionary theory will be presented. In addition, this paper will include a thorough examination of the different forms of reproduction the history, current state, and future of human sexual reproduction and various other interesting topics relating to the evolution of sex. ReproductionWilson (1975) notes that an individual organism is part of an cipher device that ensures the survival and replication of genes with the least possible biochemical alteration. Being that reproduction is thought to be one of the primary reasons for existence for many species, it is important to investigate its role in the evolution of sex. Webster defines reproduction as the act or process by which plants and animals give rise to offsp... .... (2007). Evolutionary analysis (4th ed.). fastness Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.Neiman, M., Hehman, G., Miller, G., Logsdon, Jr., J., & Taylor, D. (2009). Accelerated Mutation Accumulation in Asexual Lineages of a Fresh water Snail. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27(4) 954-963.DOI 10.1093/molbev/msp300Schuiling, G. (2005). On Sexual style and Sex-role Reversal. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 26(3) 217-223The Evolution of Sexual Reproduction. (n.d.). The Journal of Evolutionary Philosophy - Evolution and Meaning. Web. 22 Nov. 2015.http//www.evolutionary-philosophy.net/sex.html WhyEvolutionIsTrue. Evolve Sex history channel video. (2011, April 04). Web. 20 Nov. 2015.http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=gO7Y61bn_MQWilson, E., (1975). Sociobiology The new synthesis. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University

Use of Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

Use of Disguises in Odyssey The characters use of disguises in Homers Odyssey is a crucial chemical element that helps to catalyze the victory of good over evil. Each disguise is unique, created for a specific purpose. Before she talks to Telemachos, Athena disguises herself as a wise disused man in order to ensure that her words carry weight and are taken seriously. She knows that she must assist and encourage Telemachos into clear-cut for his long incapacitated father without revealing her divine nature, so she assumes the guise of Mentor because men were generally given more credibility in those days. In a exchangeable vein, Odysseus disguises himself as a homeless man in order to exude anonymity so that he can safely publication to Ithaka where he slaughters the uncaring suitors. The characters use of disguises is a key element that Homer utilizes to further the story as well as spice up the plot. Fame and set is the ultimate final stage of any man(Heubeck 21). One l ives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential. Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal (Van der Valk 63). In Homers Odyssey, the ultimate goal of fame and fortune entices Odysseus to disregard his morals by using cunning and trickery for lying and killing others, to ensure his homecoming to Ithaka. First of all, Odysseus is deemed a hero in the eyes of the Achaians. His intelligent mind renders him a heroic figure among ... ... are one among those mortals who live in this country, ...blessed...with ecstasy at the horizon of you, seeing/ such a slip of beauty...but blessed at the heart, even beyond these others, is that one/ who, after loading you down with gifts, leads you as his bride/ home (Homer 106, L. 153-160). He has just ensured Nausikaas approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear. Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homers Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden A.W. Sijthoff, 1949. Use of Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey EssaysUse of Disguises in Odyssey The characters use of disguises in Homers Odyssey is a crucial element that helps to catalyze the victory of good over evil. Each disguise is unique, created for a specific purpose. Before she talks to Telemachos, Athena disguises herself as a wise old man in order to ensure that her words carry weight and are taken seriously. She knows that she must assist and encourage Telemachos into searching for his long lost father without revealing her divine nature, so she assumes the guise of Mentor because me n were generally given more credibility in those days. In a similar vein, Odysseus disguises himself as a homeless man in order to exude anonymity so that he can safely return to Ithaka where he slaughters the inconsiderate suitors. The characters use of disguises is a key element that Homer utilizes to further the story as well as spice up the plot. Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man(Heubeck 21). One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential. Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal (Van der Valk 63). In Homers Odyssey, the ultimate goal of fame and fortune entices Odysseus to disregard his morals by using cunning and trickery for lying and killing others, to ensure his homecoming to Ithaka. First of all, Odysseus is deemed a hero in the eyes of the Achaians. His intelligent mind renders him a her oic figure among ... ... are one among those mortals who live in this country, ...blessed...with happiness at the thought of you, seeing/ such a slip of beauty...but blessed at the heart, even beyond these others, is that one/ who, after loading you down with gifts, leads you as his bride/ home (Homer 106, L. 153-160). He has just ensured Nausikaas approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear. Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homers Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Sozology and Ecophilosophy: Sciences of the 20th Century :: Sozology Ecophilosophy Essays

Sozology and Ecophilosophy Sciences of the 20th CenturyABSTRACT This paper contains a synthesized profile of sozology and ecophilosophy, cognizances of the end of the 20th century. Sozology is defined as the science of the systematic protection of the biosphere from the destructive effects on it from the anthroposphere. On the other hand, ecophilosophy is understood as the science whose object of study is the essence and nature of the socio-natural environment, its three-figure and qualitative properties and the causal dependence between the anthroposphere and biosphere. I hope that both these sciences will enter permanently into the worlds educational systems in the twenty-first century. IntroductionThe present article aims to present a synthesis of the characteristic features of epistemological sozology (1) and ecophilosophy (2) as sciences of the end of the twentieth century. The profile of sozology will take into account above all an analysis of the concepts involved in this science, a construction of its definition, a description of its object of study and an indication of the characteristic features of sozological scientific investigate especially interdisciplinariness and systematicity.On the other hand in the profile of ecophilosophy it is necessary to take into account its various conceptions, define the object of study and outline the means-related problems.1.1 The thought of sozologyThe term sozology comes form the Greek word ????? which heart and soul to protect, to rescue. Walery Goetel (1) introduced this term to Polish scientific terminology in 1965. According to him this term means the protection of the natural human environment. Thirty years have passed since then. The term sozology was enriched with a new content which thereby broadened its scope. An expression of this is the rich literature on the subject and this term is used more and more frequently to define sciences concerning environment protection.In the word sozology two aspec ts ar taken into consideration the content and the scope. (2) In the connotational aspect the methodological and thematic elements of this name are indicated, but in the aspect concerning its scope the designations marking its range are pointed to.From the methodological standpoint of the content of the name sozology people speak above all about methods serving to research the object of this science. Here the empirical, humanist, philosophical and systemic methods are distinguished.From the thematic standpoint of the term sozology the questions and problems within the range of scientific sozological research are stressed. As an example problems and questions are mentioned here like

Athletic Training Education Program Essay -- Education School Athletic

athletic Training procreation ProgramTo achieve a degree in Athletic Training, there are many tasks and skills to be larn. The Education Council under the National Athletic Training Association put together an education program filled with a set of guidelines of what has to be taught to graduate with a degree in Athletic Training. Before you can learn and understand Athletic Training, you must(prenominal) know the Anatomy and Physiology of the human body. This includes bones, muscles, levels of organization, tissue levels, systems of the body, skeletal structure, articulations, consolidative functions, sensory function, blood, and embryology (Martini, 2001). Besides Anatomy and Physiology, the methods of taping is also extremely critical to this career. Before you can understand what each taping techniques are used for, you must also know about sports injuries. Athletic Training is all about the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and evaluation of athletic injuries. Ano ther skill that must be learned in the Athletic Training Education Program is how to provide immediate emergency care. That includes everything from background information to actually being able to save an athletes or any one elses life. You must be aware of legal considerations, how and when to approach a victim, the human body systems, examining the victim, basic life support, release and shock, identifying wounds, sudden illnesses, injuries, and how to care for them also you must be aware of cold and heat related injuries, and how to rescue and move victims (Thygerson, 2001). Other information to be learned includes nutrition, health, and professional development. There are several other topics of Athletic Training however, there are just to many to s... ...from http//www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/athtrain/at_ceu.html Hansen, PJ. (2001). The Preferred Learning Styles of Student Athletic Trainers and Certified Athletic Trainers in NATA District IV and DistrictV. Journal of Athleti c Training, 36 (2), 45. Retrieved March 7, 2003, from www.journalofathletictraining.org/jatsupplement/athletic.htm Martini, F. (2001). Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. NATA Education Council go on Education Committee. (2003). Retrieved March 7, 2003, from http//www.csuchico.edu/sbarker/CEC/index.html Pitney, W. (1998). Continuing Education in Athletic Training An Alternative Approach Based on Adult learning. Journal of Athletic Training, 33 (1), 72. Retrieved March 6, 2003, from Academic Search/ EBSCO database. Thygerson, A. (2001). First Aid and CPR. Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett.

Athletic Training Education Program Essay -- Education School Athletic

Athletic Training Education ProgramTo achieve a degree in Athletic Training, there atomic number 18 many an(prenominal) tasks and skills to be learned. The Education Council under the National Athletic Training Association put together an education program filled with a set of guidelines of what has to be taught to graduate with a degree in Athletic Training. Before you can learn and understand Athletic Training, you must know the Anatomy and Physiology of the human body. This includes bones, muscles, levels of organization, weave levels, systems of the body, skeletal structure, articulations, integrative functions, sensory function, blood, and embryology (Martini, 2001). Besides Anatomy and Physiology, the methods of taping is also extremely critical to this career. Before you can understand what each taping techniques are used for, you must also know about sports injuries. Athletic Training is all about the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and evaluation of athletic i njuries. Another skill that must be learned in the Athletic Training Education Program is how to provide immediate emergency care. That includes everything from background study to actually being able to bear on an athletes or any one elses life. You must be aware of legal considerations, how and when to approach a victim, the human body systems, examining the victim, radical life support, bleeding and shock, identifying wounds, sudden illnesses, injuries, and how to care for them also you must be aware of cold and heat related injuries, and how to rescue and move victims (Thygerson, 2001). Other information to be learned includes nutrition, health, and professional development. There are several other topics of Athletic Training however, there are just to many to s... ...from http//www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/athtrain/at_ceu.html Hansen, PJ. (2001). The Preferred tuition Styles of Student Athletic Trainers and Certified Athletic Trainers in NATA District IV and DistrictV. da ybook of Athletic Training, 36 (2), 45. Retrieved March 7, 2003, from www.journalofathletictraining.org/jatsupplement/athletic.htm Martini, F. (2001). Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. New island of Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. NATA Education Council Continuing Education Committee. (2003). Retrieved March 7, 2003, from http//www.csuchico.edu/sbarker/CEC/index.html Pitney, W. (1998). Continuing Education in Athletic Training An Alternative Approach Based on Adult learning. Journal of Athletic Training, 33 (1), 72. Retrieved March 6, 2003, from Academic Search/ EBSCO database. Thygerson, A. (2001). First Aid and CPR. Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett.

Lifestyle Change Assignment

We would as well as look to see how his manners in the morning can yield behaviours later In the day. Does he eat a large lunch because the donuts and coffee TLD hold him till noon? Does he drink another third cups of coffee at work because he Is feeling sluggish? After assessing his behavioral chain, we could then determine what the consequences are and construct strategies to assist him to break one, or multiple, areas of the behavioral chain. 3. What cognitive strategies wants to be a size 8 for her high school reunion in three months time?I would let her hunch forward that although I could possibly help her lose some weight in three months, to drop down to a size 8 would be more(prenominal) of a long-term death. I would reassure her that she would be Just as beautiful at the high school reunion whether a size 22 or size 8. I could help her try and reach a goal of a size 18 or 20, and tone up a body part that she can show off (such as arms or legs). I would also refer her to a nutritionist who could probably help her, more than me, with the quick short-term weight loss that she wants. 4.Name three metaphors you could use to make a client feel okay about having relapses in their efforts to tack too healthier diet. One is a metaphor about a baby walking. Babies fall a lot when take aiming to walk, but we keep supporting(a) them. We dont tell them forget it-?you will never walk. A second metaphor is using football to demonstrate relapses. In football the teams long-term goal is to win. But the team also has a short-term goal of gaining yardage. Even though the team may not gain any yardage they dont give up the game they keep playing working towards he long-term goal of winning.I will tell the client to infer of the other times he has relapsed, and think how he still came back, and how much he has gained in that period of time. My favorite metaphor from the internet is saying Oh Eve already ruined my good take in today Ill Just eat crap is like sa ying Oh I dropped my phone on the floor Ill Just smash it till it breaks. 5. The three-step protocol for behavior management/ lifestyle coaching is Assessment Teaching Evaluation Why are these steps important? The only way to establish the clients concerns or goals is with an assessment.It also helps establish rapport between the lifestyle coach and client. The lifestyle coach needs to gather information from the client to learn about his stages of change, behaviors, situation, and family history, expectations, previous behavior change attempts, and exercise history. These help the lifestyle coach to dispose plans and support especially for that client. Because most of a persons behavior are behaviors they have learned, they must learn how to change their negative behaviors. It is essential for the coach to teach the client.The teacher may give the client verbal feedback or describing observations. With the verbal feedback and/or enlightened by observations, the student can lear n behavior modification. Evaluation is also important. Evaluation should be continuously evaluating the effectiveness of the coaching and client efforts. It is used to adjust and modify the goals, implementation, strategies, and effort. Without evaluation there is no way to establish if goals have been met or if the process is successfully working or helping.

“Broken Lives” By Estelle Blackburn Essay

The chapter A nonher Gun, Another unlocked ingress is a chapter from Estelle Blackburns expository text Broken Lives. This chapter focuses on one night of Eric Edgar Cookes murderous sprees where he steals a rifle and shoots a baby sitter, once again going the city of Perth in the hands of fear and danger. The purpose of this chapter is to fight for Cookes guilt. It shows that he had no fear of being caught and was a devious man when it came to him stealing, putting to death and the plans he came up with. Through peculiar(prenominal) aspects of its construction including stoppage of view, structure, language, soulality presentation and tone, our response to the ideas conveyed atomic number 18 able to be shaped and moulded to the ideas that are presentedThe point of view in Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door is from a third person all-knowing view, looking in on the world skirt Cooke. However the point of view is no ordinary third person point of view, it is in fact shifting, jumping from one character to the next so that we can get into the minds of all the characters and the emotions they are experiencing at the time of the gunmans rampage. The point of view is shifting as to present the views of the many characters we go into contact with throughout the chapter. All people views on Cooke come to fruition and to our realisation. The fear that Cooke spread throughout Perth is exposed and our response to him and our feelings moulded. He shoots an innocent fille studying, through the point of view we can look in on his emotions and thoughts and the evil side of him. He had a rifle and was in a cleansing mood This suggests that Cooke had been in this mood before when he has killed people previously and asks us the question, what sort of man is he if he gets in a cleanup position mood. If Broken Lives was written from a first person point of view, we would not see the same emotions and feeling that we do from a third person omniscient view.The language goes hand in hand with the point of view. The sort of language that is used in Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door is one to bring over people of Cookes guilt when it comes to these murders and shows how much ofa crazed killer he really was. It also proves how he enjoyed the fear of being caught and the fear that mortal could see him. He could see a short woman sitting in the lounge.He loved the riskWhat is this saying around Cooke? That he is a quiet, hygienic-mannered, law abiding citicen? Or that he is a crazed madman that enjoyed the risks of robbing people and killing them without any remorse. The language even describes the look on Cookes face or the route in which his heart was beating. Even though some of this is fictionalized, it has been incorporated to shape our response towards Cooke so that we feel the same appearance in which Blackburn does about him.Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door is structured in such a way so that many points of view and characters are pres ented. The chapter jumps from one character to another, which results in many feelings and attitudes being presented. Through the numerous amounts of characters being presented we are able to see that it was not only a smattering of residents of Perth that feared for their lives, but it was all people, ranging from the better off people to those that werent as well off.Through the way she has structured Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door Blackburn has successfully conveyed many ideas into one small section. By structuring the chapter in this way, Blackburn can also select the details that she wants to include, those that will support her view, and exclude other, those that will counterbalance her view. By selecting certain details from certain characters, Blackburns point can be made stronger without her need to fictionalise or fabricate some of the facts that she is presenting to the reader.The way in which the characters are presented in Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door shapes our response and how we react when Cooke take the lives of people. When we are first introduced to Shirley Martha McLeod we are told of how she is a ponderous working science student at St Catherines College. She is presented in such a way that sets visual pictures in ourhead of scarcely what McLeod would have been give care. She had a satchel of books with her and toldDowd how she planned to work very hard forThe rest of the university yearThis sets up an image of a young girl who concentrates on her school work and is well mannered and polite. Dowd felt comfortable leaving baby Mitchellin her careThe way in which McLeod is presented sets up the fact that Cooke stole the lives of innocent, caring people that he did not know and had everything going for them. This proves that it was a case of wrong place, wrong time. By giving us this information, Blackburn can shape our response by performing on this. Blackburn can emphasise how much of a caring young lady McLeod was and ask us to question how Cooke could take the life of a person so innocent.Then there is also the way in which Blackburn portrays Cooks personality. She describes him as a monster that was only out to kill and vigor else. The feeling of power began to come over him asran his fingers along the barrelThis is describing the feeling that Cooke got when he found the .22 rifle that would eventually lead to his demise. Through describing Cooke like this, Blackburn is reinforcing her previous opinion of Cookes personality. By doing this we are once again being shaped into responding in a particular manner. Does Blackburn know how Cooke felt or has she once again fictionalised sections to fight for the innocence of John sack?By putting a serious mood and tone to Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door Blackburn is setting up the fact that this was all real and it was not something she made up. Some sections of Broken Lives have a good-natured feel about them, especially when they are speaking of John B utton. An example of this is Lifes a swelling where the tone is less serious as Blackburn is describing John Button and how he was a fine upstanding member of society. However by using a more serious mood and tone when speaking of Cooke, Blackburn is influence our response to the ideas she presents.If Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door was presented in a lighter mood such as Lifes a Ball the chapter would not be as effective in proving Cookes guilt. Seeing as the purpose of Broken Lives is to assure us that Cooke was guilty and Button innocent, Blackburn would not go and put a humorous tone on something as serious as a young girl being slay, especially when it was Cooke that murdered her, the one she is trying to prove guilty.Another Gun, Another Unlocked Door succeeds in its purpose of assuring us of Cookes guilt. Blackburn does this be presenting particular characters in particular aspects. Or including certain information that supports her argument or even just through the lan guage she chooses. This chapter argues for Buttons guilt and just proves what type of a man Cooke really was. These particular aspects of narrative construction all shape the way in which we respond to the ideas the Blackburn is presenting.

Engineering Education Scenario in Singapore Universities with Reference to India

Engineering Education Scenario in Singapore Universities with reference to India Dr. Sushma S. Kulkarni, Director, Prof Martand T. Telsang, Dean academics Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra, www. ritindia. edu 1. 0 Relevance of Engineering discipline in India with respect to spheric scenario India has seen sudden growth of engineering Colleges in last 5- 7 years. In 2005-06 the number of colleges was 1475 and total number of seats was 499697. Whereas the amount in 2010-11 is increased to 3241 colleges and 13,24,246 seats (data as published on AICTE website).The number of engineering colleges in the current year 2012-13 lead soon rise to 3500 and to a greater extent. The mushrooming of Institutes is in very sm all told span of time and in any case geographically unbalanced. Now when we comp ar the technical education scenario in India with the human being the situation is alarming. At enter the number of engineering graduates passing out from the se institutes is approximately 14 lack but the survey conducted by various agencies like NASSCOM indicates a deep byplay regarding the quality of graduates in name of their employability, query abilities, conceptual clarity and practical exposure of graduates.There are many challenges our Engineering Institutes are facing and this select to be attended to. With this objective in mind a con of three Universities in Singapore is presented namely National university of Singapore ,Nanyang Techlogical University & Nanyang Polytechnic which the author recently visited. 1. Engineering Education in USA, Singapore and India When we compare the Engineering Education (EE) in three countries in monetary value of numbers, engineering graduates passing out are higher(prenominal)est in India, followed by USA (almost 1/8th) and thus Singapore.The focus of EE in USA and Singapore is on interaction with Industries, Industry based exsert projects, Industry Chair, look into centre in collabo ration with Industry, Incubation Centers etcetera Curriculum is focused on hands on fixing with Mini projects from front gear year onwards for developing innovative and creative mindset in pupils. There is provision for field training, giving global exposure to students with credits weight-age(the students rattling spend 3 months in a different country and carry out some relevant study based project). Entrepreneurship is wedded special adept subject weight age in curriculum.We could see proper blend of Humanities based subjects in the curriculum with an objective of creating engineers sensitive to the needs of society. opposite reinvigorated common features are efficiency development centers and English language learn centers for both Faculty and Students. We could also see open study spaces for students to get along self-importance and group learning. 1. 2Current Scenario, Quality issues Indian Engineers have earned a name for themselves all over the world. We could meet a large number of Indian professors in US universities as well as in Singapore Universities.Professors are highly respected as research flows from university to industry, highly paid jobs, special circumstance for research professors to carry out research, in some places scientists are appointed to lead special research projects. PG level students are involved in the projects wherein they lease an opportunity to learn on real invigoration 1 applications. We now need to rethink about the EE in India in the global stage setting with the sudden amplification of EE and the related issues of Quality of education imparted in these new institutes.There is National board of Accreditation (NBA) , norms of AICTE etc. But merely adhering to the norms result not ensure quality of graduate engineers. The Institutes need to engage beyond norms to inculcate academic ambience in terms of academics, research, industry institute interaction etc. India is also thinking of signing Washingt on accord so that our graduates are certain all over the world. But what about complying with the conditions of Washington accord? Challenges in India The challenges which we are facing today are the Leadership and governance to be provided in the Institute.There is sudden shortage of academic leaders because of this abrupt unexpected expansion of technical education. There is also shortage of educational activity qualification cadre-wise from professors to associate professors and assistant professors. Inadequate number of expertness with required qualifications are not available. affix graduates and PhDs passing out break away first preference to industry jobs because of the glamour and the higher salaries attached to it. In India teaching jobs are not rated the highest and status wise also not as exceedingly respected as in USA or Singapore.Quality of Students Few premier Institutions like IIT, NITs, organization College and certain undercover universities attract the ta lent. Rest other institutions the Aptitude & attitude to learning engineering is low, hence the quality of input to such other institutes is not as per the expectations. As per the government policies students with minimum 45% marks and for reserved category students the eligibility criteria is 40% marks in Physics, chemistry and mathematics. Thus sometimes these students have very vile fundamentals and are not basically hard running(a) type.Engineering education necessitate that the students should have very slap-up analytical skills, fundamentals of basic sciences, effective logical, verbal and non verbal abilities along with application oriented mindset, sincerity, hard work and ability to think and apply knowledge. Although the 12th standard marks may not directly reflect all these abilities of students but the results of the almost all the newly started Engineering Institutes indicate that a large number of students are struggling with their first year results and the passi ng helping is as low as 10% in certain institutes. research cultureIt is a great challenge to develop research culture in engineering institutes. The talent needs to have the aptitude and attitude to do research and get a satisfaction and enjoyment in carrying out research through various projects. Generally it is seen that there is fear of taking up research work because of * Basic mindset developed in school as well at home not to try anything new as failure in any project is not accepted * Innovation and creativity are not boostd at school, college, university level through our curriculum No free hand given in terms of funding to try and experiment new things Open and free access to equipments to try and play around with equipments in laboratory so that it becomes enjoyable Government should give projects from their thrust areas along with funding to the engineering institutes along with proper mentoring and guidance so that it reaches students and gradually research aptitud e and interest is developed preferably of a fear of research. Industry Institute Interaction fine-tunes passing out from these institutes mainly study up jobs in Industries and a very small percentage opt for PG or research jobs.Those opting for entrepreneurship generally do job for 4-5 years to understand the business and related systems. Thus giving exposure to industry working is important. It is important that Industry based electives are introduced in curriculum, real life projects are given to final year students and field training made mandatary during the four year of engineering education. Industry academia interaction should lead to the development of curriculum with industry representatives, industry visits, laboratories set up with industry collaboration to bring the latest technology to institutes and develop as centre of excellence etc.This industry interaction will bridge the gap between the two and our graduates will be accepted by industry in a better way. It is observed that when we correlate the theoretical concepts with real life situation the students bechance it more interesting and easy to understand. Infrastructure Infrastructure and laboratories create the ambience for teaching learning in the institute. Lab work is the pulse of engineering program. It helps students to visualize what they learn in theory and verify the laws, phenomenon, parametric studies etc.Learning by doing is whizz of the basic methods of developing thought process and acquiring various skills. It is signifi potentiometert to learn what other universities around the world are doing to achieve the desired quality in engineering education. Tie up with reputed global Universities to learn and understand their better(p) practices and hence try to implement it can help to develop quality processes. 1. 3 Our plan to visit Singapore University Their meticulous planning was seen right from our first telecommunicate requesting them to give us appointment to visit their university.Appointment and Schedule of our delegation , objectives of our visit, what particularly and specifically we would like to see, how many people will be there in delegation along with their position , who will lead it etc. all the details were finalized through email communication. We were received as per schedule, shown around the campus as per our objectives and then finally meeting with the President and other higher officials of the university was pose to give us the details of university through presentation along with deliberations on areas of collaboration for interchangeable interest. They were truly professional in their approach.As our delegation was headed by Honorable Rural Development Minister, Mr Jayant Patil, all the protocols were followed as per the status. Objectives of our Visit * To study the strategies to transform RIT in to scientific University and transformation from Under Graduate Teaching Institute to question Institute. * To study the be st practices of respective universities / institutions. * To understand the Governance Structure & Funding Pattern of the University. To study the Focus of Research, Frontier Areas of Research, Research Funding and Research forwarding Schemes. Opportunities for Collaborative Graduate & Undergraduate Programs (Twinning Programs). * State of the Art Technologies in Teaching Learning (Educational Technology). * To beget out how Universities attract and retain the best talent world wide as a faculty (specific strategies and schemes) * To study Industry collaboration in Research and Methods for Promotion of Entrepreneurship 2. 0 An overview of universities in Singapore Three universities were visited namely National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University and Nanyang PolytecnicCertain observations & experience in each University * Students from all over the world could be seen making it truly an worldwide level university, all the universities have excellent residen tial facilities for more than 10000 students, residential facility provided such that there is good mix up of students. * about placements International employment in companies, 2 in 3 graduates are hired before graduation the motto of universities is take the students to the world and bring students from the world to the university Faculty appraisal & elevate system followed in each university. Variable salary given to faculty based on experience and performance. Any newly inducted faculty has a tenure period of minimum 6 years which can be extended up to 9yrs. If the faculty is not confirmed in 9 years then the faculty is discontinued * Rigorous Curriculum in association with Industry, Industry attachment programs, faculty deputed to industry for industry exposure and capacity development * Government supported Universities in the form of funding for research, student fees etc. Classrooms are designed with articulate of art technology with different type of sitting arrangement s in furniture, White LCD screens on each wall of single out room connected to laptop on each table so that the students can view from any side. * CR specially designed in such a way to promote interactive two way teaching process. Not the traditional way of all the students facing the teacher and teacher restricted to dais during teaching. Circular or hexagonal tables provided with 4-5 students per table. * Student entry and attendance allowed in the Class room with the use of RFID reader and card which is carried by student Teaching Methodology and didactics given lot of importance with class rooms specially designed as per requirements * Faculty appointment done for following purpose for teaching only, for research only and few for both teaching and research * Governance Structure with Board of trustees ,Senate, Academic Council, Board of Studies, President, Provost, Deans * Entrepreneurship education special courses and programs offered for experiential entrepreneurship, speci al lectures arranged by entrepreneurs and founders, courses offered in partner university Patents, publications and citations considered for appraisal of faculty * Though technological university it had proper blend of all other streams like Arts, * humanities, sciences, medicine, MBA, Institute of Education, Environment and life sciences, media, Journalism, Information and communication etc. * Theory lectures conducted for large number of students from 120 to 400, up to 600 in some cases, Lecture theaters & halls well furnished, with proper lighting and involuntary audio and video recording facility. Lectures also put on the intranet for he students to refer to whenever required. One to one focus on students learning in tutorial sessions. * More emphasis on open & self learning. Separate Rooms provided for students with Internet and various software along with Laptops and Desktops etc in a separate grammatical construction named as education resource centre wherein Facilities to do self study, general practice assignments/ presentations, etc. Lot of closed open spaces made available to student for purpose of study. Curriculum has focus on developing knowledge based presentation skills/ organizing thoughts.Individual Assignments and preparation of students encouraged with proper assessment and feedback to students * Research funding given by government up to 80% and 20% by industries in thrust areas identified. PG and PhD students take up such research projects under the guidance of faculty * student fees supported by government in the form of scholarships , for students from Singapore supported up to 75% and other than Singapore up to 60% * No non teaching peon level staff seen in university, Faculty was self supported Salient features of each University National University of Singapore The National University of Singapore (NUS) is Singapores global university with distinctive strengths in education and research and an entrepreneurial dimension. NUS offers comprehensive curricula in the Faculties of Arts & Social Sciences, problem, Computing, Dentistry, Design & Environment, Engineering, Law, Medicine and Science. As a research-intensive institution, the University continues to build on its core areas of research excellence and to make an impact with revolutionary discoveries. Reflecting strong research output a total of 2,146 papers are published in internationally refereed journals.NUS is actively involved in international academic and research networks such as the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) and International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU). This global networking further enhances its international presence. NUS produce research of international quality and impact in a broad range of fields. To maintain its competitive edge, the university seeks to pay back its core research infrastructure, faculty and programs. This is achieved by identifying and developing rapidly-emerging areas and promoting multi-d isciplinary research.With a prime location at the heart of University Town (UTown), there is a constant sound at the Education Resource concenter (ERC) where many of the facilities are accessible 24/7. Open to the NUS community, the ERC attracts students with its array of IT and multimedia facilities, plentiful study clusters and group discussion spaces where students can brainstorm for group projects or work individually on course assignments. Designed to foster collaborative learning, the technology-infused seminar rooms in UTown also encourage professors to introduce new teaching methods, which could eventually be replicated to the wider NUS community.Such strategic planning demonstrates the Universitys commitment to enhance the overall educational experience for all NUS students. Separate Centre for English language communication (CELC)-Separate English language development programs for Faculty and students, there is focus on reading, writing, speaking and listening in Englis h, special courses make for Chinese students before they join regular degree programs. The Student Counselling Centre (SCC) offers a supportive and conducive milieu for any student with personalized issues or challenges to seek help and guidance from a professional counselor.A team of registered psychologist, counselors and case coordinator provide help and support for students from diverse religious, cultural, ethnic and sexual basis 3. 11 Salient Features * Leading global university centered in Asia. 37,000 students. * Center for English Language communication. * 180 partnered Universities. Research-intensive institution with Research Areas as- Ageing, Risk Management, Water and Environment, biomedical Science mainly focusing on inter-disciplinary research. Variable salary for faculty based on previous experience and achievements 3. 20 Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is an international university in all respects recruiting both un dergraduate and graduate students from many countries, not only in S E Asia and in terms of faculty recruitment but have people from well over 40 countries. IntheQS World University Rankings 2011, NTU is ranked 58th in the world a quantum leap from its 74th placing in the 2010 ranking.This makes NTU one of the fastest-rising universities in the top 100 of the 2011 QS World University Rankings, as well as the fastest-rising Asian university. It is highly ranked in both World and Asian terms and are currently ranked 14 in Asia and Business trail is ranked 24 in the World by the Financial Times in respect to their MBA programme. There has been a renewed impetus given to research, stimulated in part by the recruitment of leading scientists and technologists from across the World. These leading figures will nucleate mod research groups in forefront area.The university is fully committed to the development of multidisciplinary research in many areas of research Endeavour. The universit y has established its own high level international advisory body the NTUR Research Council, all major projects are expected to have high level international advisory panels and Appointments, Promotion and Tenure process for faculty is extremely rigorous. In undergraduate education, NUS has seen a rise in the qualifications of the students admitted to NTU. NTU has five distinct programs that allow students to study, do research and work foreign.Among these are the Global Immersion Programme, with four different work/study/research options with leading companies and partner-universities in Asia, Europe and North America. Currently, 43% of undergraduates enjoy overseas exposure, which helps them acquire a global mindset. Tech-savvy and adaptable, graduates of the university are sought-after and well-paid, drawing some of the highest starting salaries among local university graduates. NTU has unveiled its five-year strategic plan, NTU 2015, which maps out how it will become a great gl obal university by 2015.Under this, NTU will build on its current strengths and heritage to make its mark internationally in five areas sustainability, healthcare, new media, the best of the East and West, and innovation. The areas leverage NTUs diverse strengths, particularly its longstanding expertise in engineering and business, and the interfaces these have with various disciplines such as healthcare, science and the humanities. With almost S$1billion of research funding in the area of sustainability, NTU is already a global leader in this area. 3. 21 Salient features * Currently ranked 14 in Asia * 34,000 students Research funding 80% from Govt. and 20% from Industry. Multidisciplinary research, Research areas Earth science innovation center, Environment and Life science, Bioengineering, Bacterial Biofilm field Faculty on tenure for 6 years and maximum up to nine years. Alumni associations formed all over the world in countries like China, india and Thailand. Has a strong alu mni base of 1,56,000 in 105 countries NTU believe in 4I s Inspire, inculcate, innovate, incubate Laboratories have equipments made easily available to students. Very impressive Guest book signing ceremonial with the guest and the president of NTU . 30 Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP) Campus Brief history Established on 1 April 1992. Enrolled its pioneer batch of students for its School of Health Sciences and School of Business Management in July 1992. Set up the School of Engineering and the School of Information Technology in July 1993. The French-Singapore Institute, German-Singapore Institute and the Japan-Singapore Institute were transferred from the Economic Development Board to the Polytechnic in February 1993. Operated from five temporary campuses Bukit Merah, Jurong, Outram, Tiong Bahru and Yishun before moving to its permanent home in Ang Mo Kio in April 1998.Set up the School of Design and School of Chemical & Life Sciences in November 2000. The School of Interactive & Digital Media was established in November 2006. Mr Chan Lee Mun took over as Principal and CEO in disdainful 2007, Mr Lin Cheng Ton went on to head NYP International. 3. 31 Salient Features * Strategic plan for five years * Works with National Manpower council to work out the workforce needs of industry * Industry collaboration learning factory concept. * Teachers with at least 5 years experience in Industry . * Being a diploma level institute ,Patents registered. * Research driven by faculty & Industry. Polytechnic students take up research projects led by faculty. * Work nigh with Industry and inject realism in work. * Innovation Centre * Market-Oriented Planning, Training Systems, Capabilities Development * Application and Development Oriented Training Regional and International preference 3. 32 The Teaching Factory Concept A hallmark concept of Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP) the Teaching Factory Concept is a concept that facilitates effective learning in the implementation of broad-b ased curricula in the first two years and specialist studies in the final year.The students spend 3-6 months in industry for internship to understand business environment and commercial value. It is a concept which adopts a practice and application-oriented training approach that combines the learning and working environment from which realistic and relevant learning experiences arise. 4. 0 ratiocination It was seen that all the three Institutes have developed into world class Universities and polytechnic within a span of 15-20 years and this was planned as a dodging and supported by Government.If India has to be known for such globally reputed universities then it calls for a systematic strategic plan to set up goals and achieve it over a planned period with the support of our government and its policies. With all the resources available in our country and strategic planning we can develop our Engineering Institutes into world class Institutes. 8 There was nothing very different in the working and constitution of NTU and NUS. Both the universities were offering Engineering programs along with all the other programs like sciences, medicine, commerce, journalism, humanities etc.Proper policies to focus on faculty development & creation of research culture can help to transform our Engineering Institutes. There has been a shortage of qualified faculty with PhDs and post graduates in engineering for a long period now. We need to scale up PhD and PG programs in our universities ensuring the quality standards . We also should have attractive schemes to be able to attract and convince the young generation for higher studies so that there will be a kitten of eligible , qualified research minded people available to satisfy the demand of industries and education sector. There is shortage of 1. 5 lakh engineering teachers.As per NASSCOM countersign room as demand for engineers grows, experts say India has only 10 to 30% of qualified Instructors it needs. Government policies are supporting the government aided & funded institutes or Government Institutes what about private unaided Institutes which comprise almost 90 % of Colleges in India, If in India more number of institutes should be able to provide manpower which is employable & useful to contribute to indigenous Research & Development, Entrepreneurship in Engineering field, then it is must that our Engineering & Technology Institute should start adopting world class best practices.From all top Institutes almost 1/10th of our graduate engineers wish to take admission in foreign Universities for their post graduate and Ph. D. programmes. We need to reflect on this issue very seriously. How can we develop and improve prevailing engineering education system in India where our own students will give top priority to study. Can Industries, small to medium scale depend on University and Engineering Colleges for their Research & Development?Can we identify certain Institutes as centres of Researc h & Development for Industries where they can gather? We are not thinking of large scale industries with higher turnover of more than Rs. 1000 crores as these industries can set up their own R & D units. If Industries also come forward with their needs and identify certain Education Institutes in their region to collaborate and work together then it will have dual benefit of getting proper manpower and continuous Training as well as Research & Development support, incubation centre etc.The students will get real life projects to work on, will be exposed to latest techniques and they will find their engineering education more relevant though experiential learning. Industries should develop faith in Institutes so that both can work together for usual benefit. We at RIT have developed the following action plan after the visit to transform RIT in to Technological University and also transformation from Under Graduate Teaching Institute to Research Institute. 1. Strategic planning of th e institute for 5 years with the goal of transforming it into University . Construction of large capacity lecture theater (approx. 600 capacity) with all the facilities to screen and record the lectures. 3. Small capacity tutorial rooms (approx. 15-20 capacity) with comfortable furniture and recording facility. 4. Faculty training at NYP of 1-2 weeks/months duration in advanced technology. 5. Student exchange programs for post- graduate programs at NTU. 6. Seeking expertise in water science research from NUS, earthquake engineering research and nanotechnology from NTU. 7.Implementing the concept of teaching factory at undergraduate level. 8. Use of advanced Pedagogical technologies for enhancing learning effectiveness. References 1 . Abdul Lathaf Naha , The Hindu, August 16, 2011. Where have Engineering Teachers Gone? 2. Prof. PP Bahuguna, Professor, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Faculty Crunch in Technical Institutes in India and Possible Solutions,www. indiaeducationreview. com /article/faculty-crunch 3. www. nus. edu. sg, www. ntu. edu. sg, www. nyp. edu. sg pic Few photographs of visit to NUS, NTU, NYP

Healthcare Informatics Discuss Essay

The information revolution has changed the health c ar system to an unthinkable level. Combination of informatics in nursing is going beyond data processing function I view nursing informatics as a specialty title to health care informatics. Health informatics. the application of computer and information science in al basic and applied biomedical sciences to help and acquisition , processing, interpretation, optimal use, and communication of health-related date. Hebda, T., & Czar, P. (2012. P.6). I consider healthcare informatics is dealing with information, computerized information and telecommunications. Especially for nursing informatics deals with these likewise but how they extend to patient care. Nurses in todays world are almost all familiar with some sort of healthcare informatics such as a computerized medication system or charting systems as well as discharge instructions or patient education. Every nurse at my induction uses the computer, internet, and intranet daily to conduct patient care. I work in the OR and we get our room assignment off a computer generated sheet. There are definitely different levels the variety of nurses are able to use the computer systems for these purposes. We collect data and information before patient come to the operating room.We depart collect date about patients age, weight, allergy, blood work ..Etc. We use this knowledge to manage and plan the patient care. For example my patient is lumbering I will need to solve the moving patient from cart to bed problem before and after surgery. I will put a special air mattress on the OR bed. And by checking the patient labs from the computer, I will know if this patient has been cross matched for the surgery in case so unpredictable blood lost from the surgery. I think the computer system is essential for patient care. It benefits both the patients stay and the work flow of the nurse. From the patients perspective they earth-closet expect fewer errors, shorter stays, be tter communication, and even more high tech rooms with vital sign equipment that enters its data into a computer automatically. Patients can also expect better education and information about a certain disease, even the rarest of them all. The benefits to nurses are tremendous. short7sweet (September 2008)ReferenceHebda, T. , & Czar, P. (2012). Handbook of Informatics for Nurses & Healthcare Professionals (5th Edition). Upper saddle roof River, NJ PrenticeHall. Short7sweet (2008, 09). Health Informatics. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 09, 2008, from http//www.studymode.com/essays/Health-Informatics-164985.html

Acquisition of Reebok by Adidas, M&a Deal in the Sports Industry

This communicate presents a brief summary of the M&A softwood and the murder of the Adidas-Salmon Group and the Reebok International which ar the top players after Nike, in sportswear market place. Mergers and Acquisitions is an extreme matter of concern in the corporate world since last few decades. M&A can also be considered as a main vehicle which removes towards direct investments, either domestic or foreign. With motives of achieving greater efficacy and effective strategies, most of the companies had gone through at least one M&A activity at least once in a lifetime.This report contains theories regarding Mergers and Acquisition and is focuse on the Cross-border M&A (Adidas- A German company and Reebok- an the Statesn company). It includes the erudition process and presents the motives behind the acquisition of Reebok by Adidas. The report also includes the digest to identify whether synergy (Value of (Adidas+ Reebok) > Value of Adidas+ Value of Reebok) has been ach ieved or not. It can be identified through performance measurement and evaluation.The analysis of the companys annual reports and the reviews in various websites contributed to determine whether the company is able to achieve its soft touch objectives. Table of Contents S. N. Title Page none 1. Introduction1 2. Literature Review2 a. The need of Merger2 b. Due diligence3 2. 2. 1 Legal and regulatory issues3 2. 2. 2 T shutdowner offer3 2. 2. 3 Empirical Evidence4 2. 2. 4 Strategies of Adidas & Reebok 4 3. Methodology5 4. Discussion5 a. Synergies achieved5 4. 2 Financial Analysis6 4. 3 Targets and Achievements Post spinal fusion evaluation7 . Conclusion and Recommendations9 References10 1. Introduction Corporate Restructuring is the process of reconstructing the operational, financial, legal and early(a) structures of an organization in order to achieve the organizational efficiency, technological advancement, market expansion, profit maximization and obtain the competitive advanta ge oer others. Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), which is one of the major corporate restructuring methods and started in US, has become a global practice for over 100 years.With the increase in globalization concept, most of the companies almost the world befuddle undergone through one among the following three types of M&A. Vertical merger which includes the combination of the forms operating in the different levels of the same attention differs from the Horizontal merger where the two combined firms operate in the same business activity. Conglomerate, the tertiary type is rather unique as it involves the combination of firms of different industry. For a detailed analysis of M&A activity, I have chosen an acquisition ofReebok (an American sportswear company) by Adidas (a German sportswear company) and evaluating its performance and the various stages of the M&A activity. Adidas-Reebok acquisition is categorized under horizontal Cross-Border M&A whose main objective is to present the group as a market leader in the field of sportswear. The rate of M&A activities seem to be increasing day by day. However, the success rate of these mergers is very low. This is because of the lack of ability to achieve the synergy, which is obtained as a result of change magnitude competitive advantage.So, the report is based on evaluating the various aspects of Adidas-Reebok performance to draw the conclusion whether the integration is successful to meet the butt joint objectives or not. 2. Literature Review With an aim to drive competition and growth in the sports market, there was significant presence of the M&A activities since late 1990s. In 1997, Adidas acquired the Salomon Group for $1. 4 billion. In 2003, Nike acquired Converse for $305 one million million and in 2004 Reebok acquired The Hockey Company for $330 million. In 2005, the Adidas-Salmon Group acquired Reebok for $3. billion and in 2008 Nike acquired Umbro Plc for 285 million.Many analysts have identified that the companies major objectives and targets of M&A activities have not successfully achieved in most of the cases. Timothy and Mark (2007) point out the major of failure as cultural aspects of mergers that are poorly dealt with and mention that successful mergers are based as much on emotional reactions and energized behavior. Bjorkman, Stahl, and Vaara (2007) also discussed the role of cultural differences on the capability transfer for cross-border acquisitions. . 1 The need of Merger gibe to the data obtained by Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association International in 2004, Nike was the leader in American sportswear with market dowery of 36% leaving Reebok and Adidas the arcsecond and third position with 12. 2% and 8. 9% respectively. And America alone counts for almost 50% of the total global sportswear market. So, it was an important luck for Adidas and Reebok to have a combined competitive intensity level over the leader Nike, a famous brand in its fashion, status, co lours and combinations.Besides that, Adidas was facing a tough competition with the 4th largest sports brand Puma, which compelled it to take the growth strategy through acquisition with Reebok. Puma had already disclosed expansion plans through acquisitions and entry into wise sportswear categories So, for a successful merger, the challenge was to integrate Adidass German culture of control, engineering, and production and Reeboks U. S. marketing- driven culture. Also, the core competencies of the combined companies seem a major strength than the individual competencies. Adidas bone marrow Competencies Reebok Core Competencies Combined Core Competencies Technology Trend Identification Adidas technology with Reebok design Customer focus Ability to market to a niche portion Adidas sports with Reebok womens market Brand recognition Womens shoe design Adidas shoes with Reebok apparel Supply chain Design expertise Adidas global strength & Reebok US strength Collabor atively competitive Celebrity relationships 2. Due diligence 2. 2. 1 Legal and regulatory issues Any M&A process should face through the regulatory bodies before they are granted the permission. There are various antitrust authorities which will examine and restrict the merger activities that create the monopoly in a particular market. Some of these authorities are the national Trade Commission (FTC) in USA, the Competition Commission in the UK, the European Commission in EU and the Federal Cartel Office in Germany. Adidas, being the German company had successfully passed the regulatory check and was approved by both the Federal Cartel Office and the European Commission to acquire Reebok on $3. 8 bn.As Reebok was targeting mainly in the American youths where as Adidas was targeting the European professionals and these brands had different pricing positions, EU concluded that this integration would not significantly affect the competition in the sports market. 2. 2. 2 Tender offe r Tender offer in M&A is a general offer made by any acquirer company to a target company either publicly or standardized a shot to the shareholders to grant their stocks in the price which is higher than the present market price. After analyzing the market value of Reebok, Adidas has offered the buying of Reeboks share with 34. 2 percent share premium. A written consent between Adidas and Reebok was established mentioning all the legal obligations. 2. 2. 3 Empirical Evidence The once in a lifetime opportunity, as mentioned by Adidas-Salomon AG Chairman and CEO Herbert Hainer, came into reality after the deal was closed on Jan 31, 2006, which provided the new Adidas group with an increased Capital of around 9. 5 billion ($11. 8 billion) in the global athletic footwear, apparel and hardware markets. Adidas-Salmon group paid $ 3. 527 bn to Reebok as total value of the Reebok shares calculated at the rate of $59. 0 per share. They had paid 34. 2 % share premium. The share price of Re ebok had rose by 30% after the acquisition.Hainer added, The brands will be kept discontinue because each brand has a lot of value and it would be stupid to bring them together. The companies would continue selling products under respective brand names and labels. This is considered as the major strategy to keep the existing brand values and customers safe, protecting their brand loyalty. 2. 2. 4 Strategies of Adidas & Reebok The two companies came to the M&A deal with some of the very important strategies that lead to the growth and expansion of the market and the product portfolio along with the shared technology. The acquisition supported the new group to double the sales in America (U. S. $3. 9 billion) and also Reebok to increase its sales in Europe from the Adidass strong brand recognition and market expertise. Both the groups are creating the greater calling opportunities with the well experienced and world class employees. They are selecting their top most employees into a new group for more effective business operation.This will help them to establish themselves as top most global brand from their strength (improved R&D systems with award winning cutting-edge technology, trend-setting street wear and perfect design) with a strong presence as qualitative and wide ranged sports products. The combined group showed stronger presence among various teams and athletes such as David Beckham, Allen Iverson, Yao Ming, Tracy McGrady and also the top sports events like FIFA World Cup 2006 and Olympics 2008 to increase the global visibility of both the brands. 3. Methodology The report is based on academic knowledge gained during the course and the further look into done on various websites.This includes the companys website, various reviews and other academic sources available in the internet. After introducing about the M&A process, the writings review was done from the onetime(prenominal) papers about Cross-border M&A and the management report on Adidas- Reebok M&A. The official website of Adidas group was used as the major source of annual financial report and performance measurement report, which helped to analyze the success of the integration in terms of sales revenue and other performance measurement indicators. After the detailed study of the case, the report contains few recommendations which might help the company to increase its profit and in conclusion achieve its target objectives. 4. DiscussionThe success and failure of the M&A can be accessed from the perspectives of shareholders, managers and employees as the interests of these groups do not coincide (Sudarsanam, 2003). The report below contains analysis from different perspectives. 4. 1 Synergies achieved The combined group had achieved the synergies based on each others competitive strength. Operating synergies affect the operations of the combined firm and include economies of scale, increased pricing power, and higher growth potential (Damodaran, 2006). As a geogr aphical and demographical category, Reebok got chance to benefit from its partner Adidas which has expertise in European market.Similarly, Adidas benefited from Reebok expertise in American and Asian markets especially the youths and women. The new group had the wide range of products with continuous brand development by sharing R&D technologies. The synergy in distribution channel can be obtained through distribution and operation efficiencies. They have obtained 40% synergies in marketing, sales and distribution through discriminating diversification of channels and the optimum utilization of distribution capacity. Hadfield (2006), in his article quotes the statement of Steve Bonomo, the head of recruitment of Adidas, who says that the Adidas-Reebok acquisition has reduced the global recruitment comprise by 30-50 percent.This reduction in expenses will help to increase the profit to some extent. Through global sourcing and using economies of scale, they have been able to achieve 20% operations synergies. 4. 2 Financial Analysis After the integration the management structure was reformed with the reduction of unnecessary branches and departments. They also agreed to share the approach incurred in production technology, distribution and back operations. The Reebok switching from pre-order in bulk amount to pay as you go system results the instant cash and furnish production and distribution of goods. The Annual financial report of Adidas group shows the sharp increase of sales revenue after the acquisition process.As the official deal was sign-language(a) in Jan 2006, there is the dramatic rise in the sales from Dec 2005 to Dec 2006 resulting very high sales revenue of the combined group than it used to get during the individual sells. There is a continuous increase in sales even though the market was hit by the economic crisis during past few years (shown in the graph). The fact that the Adidas group faced serious decrease in sales of Reebok goods in Eur ope because the company decided to take out down some of the retail branches was very noticeable. But there was huge increase of the sales of Adidas products in America, which ultimately offset the losses, incurred in the group and ultimately led the company towards profit. pic Source Adidas-group. com/ annual report 4.3 Targets and Achievements Post merger evaluation Targets Achievement Description environmental 75% The environmental targets and strategy for clime change and carbon emissions sustainability-Group achievement have been developed as a whole but the group-wide strategy covering the entire value chain has remained. Environmental sustainability- 50% The cross- brand group was formed to support all the Adidas brands but the full Product implementation of the prepared guidelines is in due. Environmental 100% Launched the interior(a) Company Initiatives to promote environmental assessments Sustainability-Properties and awareness, reviewed the in-house Think Gr een Guide, established the environmental management systems but still remained to get ISO 14001 certification by the end of 2010. Supply Chain Systems 75% As a member of Fair Factories Clearinghouse Compliance, Adidas group fully review the integrity of the data. Also, launched new Environmental guidelines to provide health and safety guidelines to the employees.But remained due about 50% of the task to implement upgraded Key Performance Indicator to measure the companys performance and also the sustainable compliance monitoring methodology. Global Economic Crisis 100% Provided several updates on companys website about risk and supply chain consolidation. Also provided guidelines on managing employees redundancies and layoffs in appropriate manner. Stakeholder Engagements- 50% Highly accepted the concept of marketing and sourcing strategy but couldnt Internal obtain better cotton materials for reference and performance testing. Stakeholder Engagement s- 100% Broad engagement with the governments and key stakeholders which assist in External decision making and also collaboration with different brands, suppliers and other industry actors. Source Adidas. com, annual report, 2009 5. Conclusion and Recommendations The M&A itself is a complex and risky process both in terms of making a deal and in achieving the target objectives. It is also difficult to identify the exact determinants of the success or failure of the M&A.So, the conclusions are met on the basis of the grounds that a researcher considers, but this might be insufficient to other researchers who consider the broader areas. The analysis carried out under the case of Reebok acquisition by Adidas group shows that the new group is able to increase its sells through the restructuring process. But even performance measurement report of the company highlights some of the issues where the company was unable to achieve the target objectives. The major target to lead the m arket ruler, Nike has not yet been achieved. The market positions of these two brands have remained constant. In contrast, it has a biggest threat of its following competitor, Puma to have integration with Nike and drop down the market share of Adidas group.

Balancing Penn Foster Studies Essay

Balancing Penn foster studies with work and family Being a full time working father of one, I have the certificate of indebtedness of taking caring of my mother, wife and son. However this doesnt hinder me to continue my studies, though it has some difficulties on adjusting the life in between my studies and family life. The hardest part for me in balancing my studies, work and family demands is just how to set up the time so everything is balanced out. I guess that we all must have to make personalised sacrifices in order to be flourishing and have a fulfilling life.With proper planning however the balance between work, family, and collage studies is possible to obtain. Everyday I must make choices on how I will manage my time so I stand keep the balance of my studies, work, and family demands. Maintaining the balance between everything is an free-and-easy process. This is where the real task of balance takes place. While attending the Penn foster online courses and sitting ti me back for my studies, I withal have a family to take trouble of, which requires most of my time. I also have a full time job that requires me to work on the grave yard shift.Despite the fact that separately of the responsibilities need more time on their own I have to set specific times up in a daily deviser and discuss these set of specific times with my family and friends so that they can help me keep the balance between work, family demands, and my collage studies. I know that people scrape everyday to balance their studies, work, and family demands. However, I also believe that each person must come up with their own way of balancing things out in their life, so they are happy and successful.Keeping the balance between work, family demands, and college can be a very difficult process to do, but with the support from family and friends it can be done. Generally speaking, nothing is in possible in this world. Many people think that once they have their own family they igno re their studies and focus on their work. This is all because they think they will not get enough time to concentrate on their studies while looking after their work and family. I was also of such kind of people for long time until I got the advice from friends and families and got the courage to continue my studies.The difficulties of adjusting time cannot be denied however, managing ones time will solve all the difficulties. The view of online studies has also contributed a lot in encouraging many working people who have family as well to continue their studies at their convenience time and place. Besides, going through the difficulties of attending your studies while taking care of your family and work is also worth as it will lead you to a better and successful life in the future.

Harrah’s Entertainment Essay

1. BACKGROUND2. UPDATING3. PEOPLE INVOLVED3.1 Philip SatrePhilip G. Satre, Private investor since 2005. Mr. Satre was Chief Executive Officer of Harrahs Entertainment, Inc., a provider of branded casino frolic, from 1994 to 2003 and a director of Harrahs from 1988 to2005, serving as Chairman of the Board from 1997 to 2005. Mr. Satre has held various other positions of increasing business with Harrahs since 1980, when he joined the company as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, until his retirement in 2005. Prior to joining Harrahs, Mr. Satre practiced law in Reno, Nevada. He has been a director of International Game Technology since January 2009 and its Chairman since December 2009, and a director of NV Energy, Inc. since 2005 and its Chairman since 2008. Mr. Satre served as a director of ritual Aid Corporation from 2005 to 2011 and Tabcorp Holdings, Ltd. (Australia) from 2000 to 2007.Phil as CEO of the company is in accordance with the strategies Harrahs adopted to giv e its customers a better receipts and thus to underwrite and development their loyalty, the first is the independence that the company, ie, does not depend on shops, restaurants, bars and high income has come from their own casinos and second concerns the relationship of the company with his frequent customers because this leads to an increase compared to the benefits that would bring to the companyOn the other hand Phil chose to invest in the and development intellectuals and technological capabilities that are needed to collect and analyze data on customers.3.2 Gary Loveman Gary Loveman has served as a member of Coachs Board of Directors since January 2002. Mr. Loveman is the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Caesars Entertainment Corporation (f/k/a Harrahs Entertainment, Inc.), a casino sport company he has held the position of President since April 2001, Chief Executive since January 2003, and Chairman since January 2005. He held various other administrator positions at Caesars Entertainment Corporation from may 1998 to April 2001. From 1989 to 1998, Mr. Loveman was Associate Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, where his responsibilities included teaching M.B.A. and executive education students, research and publishing in the field of helper caution, and consultingand advising large service companies.Mr. Loveman serves as a Director of Caesars Entertainment Corporation and FedEx Corporation, and is a member of the Board of Trustees at Childrens Hospital Boston. He holds a unmarried man of Arts degree in Economics from Wesleyan University and a Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Loveman served as Harrahs Entertainments forefront operating officer from 1998 until 2003. Under Lovemans leadership Harrahs began to focus on building loyalty and bringing more gamblers to the casino. Loveman also established a rewards program for Harrahs emplo yees of all levels, based on customer satisfaction.3.3 Marilyn WinnMarilyn Winn is the President of Wynn Las Vegas, LLC, owner and operator of Wynn Las Vegas and Encore Las Vegas where she over satisfys the day-to-day operations of the properties. Mrs. spiegeleisen served in executive positions at Harrahs Entertainment, Inc., including of age(p) Vice President and General Manager of Harrahs Las Vegas and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino, Senior Vice President of Human Resources, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Harrahs Shreveport Hotel & Casino in Louisiana and Vice President of Human Resources for the companys Southern Nevada operations. Mrs. Spiegel began work for Harrahs Entertainment, Inc. in 1988. Mrs. Spiegel is a member of the Las Vegas Visitors and Convention Bureau board of directors.Marilyn lives and breathes Harrahs CRM culture, she differentiates My job is to consecrate money for Harrahs entertainment by creating a great climate for customers and empl oyees.4. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED5. MAIN PROBLEMAccording to that seen in the case, Harrahs is a company that provides entertainment and accommodation in resorts located in the United States. Itis one of the largest companies that offer entertainment and luxurious accommodations. As we saw in the case, the company is very concerned about the management of client relationships and gathering information through customer service, they generate what they call customer insights which used to contribute to the experience customer on site and the service provided . But there is a problem in all this is that according to the text, are based on surveys of their best customers, those who spend more money on their facilities.This makes the experiences and new trends in customer service are made based only on the opinions that make customers more money. And behold, when the service is bad for customers who rarely hang the place, because they give preference to senior clients and there is no equ al cut acrossment to the client. According to a page (www.tripadvisor.com.uk), a website known for the various reviews that users have to say about hotels and tourism, found that Harrahs has a considerable level of critical customer service as you preempt see belowHere we can see that there is a high level when the bad reviews, well then we can see that the majority is in customer serviceSo this is where we see the different views of users as followsOverpriced NO WIFI Dirty Glass in Room Go ElsewhereIn conclusion, we can see that the company has flaws in the customer service industry only focuses on improving customer experiences which have more money, but relates to neglect or treat with new clients of the company and this is where most of the complaints are .The company has to conduct a study and improve treatment for all the public, since the treatment for a person with so much money as a new customer who wants to know the hotel has to be the same way because the company canno t stay focused on a group of public, the company must open the focus group to be able to grow so large scale.6. STRATEGY (SOLUTION)ANALYSIS QUESTIONSTo what extent is Harrahs in danger of a competitor copying its system?The risk is very high because the world of market competition is evermore present and always we see companies that want to copy the system of Harrahs, Harrahs system is so good that is under scrutiny of other companies, if any competitor is filtered and copy the Harrahs system could be a serious situation because the competitor could take Harrah customers, it is very easy for a company to be filtered so Harra must make a supervise to ensure that the information is not given to competitors for this they must train employees instilling values of honesty and gives them a friendly and pleasant working environment.

Political Stupidity

Amanda Ortiz, Swetaben Ahir, Nga Le, and Shantel Palmer Professor McDade English 1302 October 15, 2012 Political Stupidity, U. S. appearance In E . J. Dionnes essay, Political Stupidity, U. S. Style he wants to address the political stupidity that the giving medication is making. To start his argument, he raises an emotional question, Can a nation remain a superpower if its internal government activity are incorrigibly stupid? The author is grammatical construction are we letting politics, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and an antiquated political structure deprave our power.He divides political stupidity into three parts stupid revenue enhancement policies, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and antiquated political structure. In his essay, Political Stupidity, U. S Style, Dionne employs ethos, connotation and an emotional appeal. In paragraph sixteen, Dionne uses ethos. He writes, Im a chronic optimist close to America. E. J. Dionne is confident about the future to get emend but we need well intentioned republicans who care about the nation interest to realize something has gone basically wrong with their party and work to help bring it back.To get rid of political stupidity, he wants to appoint a senate, a new conservatism that is worthy of our name, liberals willing to speak out on the holy terror our daft politics poses to our influence in the world, and moderates. However the readers might have complete trust of the government of the fall in States and so they might not like someone questioning their credibility. In paragraph fleck seventeen, Dionne uses connotation saying We need moderates who do much than stick their fingers in the wind to calculate the midway point between two political poles. Dionne is hoping to make people aware of the political stupidity and the need to bring change in the system of politics. Sticking their fingers in the wind, means a person putting his finger in the wind is unlikely to come up with original so lutions, and decisions are made without keep evidence. It says that the politicians are making blind decisions without even speak uping about its consequences. It excessively makes them look like fools rivulet the country. However, if some people think that the politicians were fools, the United States would not have been a super power.In paragraph seven, Dionne uses a strict emotional appeal as a mean to persuade his audience. He writes, The simple truth is that the wealthy in the United States- the people who have made almost all the income gains in new-made years- are under taxed compared with everyone else. Consider two reports from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. One, issued last month, highlighted findings from the congressional Budget Office showing that, The gaps in after-tax income between the richest 1 percent of Americans and the middle and poorest fifths of the country more than tripled between 1979 and 2007. The other, from February, used Internal Rev enue Service data to show that the effective federal income tax rate for the 400 taxpayers with the very highest incomes declined by nearly half in just over a decade, even as their pre-tax incomes have grown five times larger. He writes this, hoping that by using the reports from the congressional Budget Office, he would be able to prove his point that the United States is politically stupid. It seems as if he is trying to bring awareness among the people of the United States about the decisions made by politicians.Although he has demo his evidence very convincingly and it seems that he would get his readers attention and they would listen to his concerns but some of his readers think that he is being blunt and through his essay he is making direct acquisitions on the politicians of the United States. The United States is falling behind and the public seems not to notice. In paragraph number fourteen, Dionne talks about the structure of our government. He talks about how the ratio between the largest and smallest state was 13 to 1. Now its 68 to 1.He writes, because of the abuse of the filibuster, 41 senators representing less than 11 percent of the national population can, in principle, hamper action supported by 59 senators representing more than 89 percent of our population. And you wonder why its hard to get anything done in Washington? Dionne gives convincing evidence to support his claim which is the politics of the United States is stupid. He uses ethos and shows his concerns by saying he is a chronic optimist about America. He also uses reports to prove his point and persuade the audience. However he seems blunt and tells it like it is without any fear.

“The Fall of the House of Usher” and “The Yellow Wallpaper”: A Comparison Introduction

Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow cover has received wide praise for its accurate depiction of indulgence and the symptoms attributed to sane breakd suffers (Shumaker 1985). mend these symptoms may seem obvious from todays psychological perspective, Gilman was writing at the close of the nineteenth coulomb when the discipline of psychology was still uphill out of a rudimentary psychiatric cash advance to treating the psychologically ill.Though doctors form attempted to write well-nigh the treatment of insanity since ancient Greece, the hi figment of folly has most often been characterized by a series of popular images, images that may have stunted the developing of a medical model of mental illness as a barbarous irrationality, an imaginative and alloy gothic horror, a violent cruelty that must be confined in asylums, and lastly as a mere nervous disorder.The critic Annette Kolodny suggests that contemporary indorsers of Gilmans story most the likes ofly knowing ho w to follow her fictional representation of mental breakdown by reading the earlier stories of Edgar Allen Poe (Shumaker 1985), and indeed we quarter locate these strata of historical representations in both The Yellow paper and Poes The Fall of the Ho handling of Usher. further where Poes depictions seem to confirm negative and thus not therapeutically useful stereotypes of madness, Gilman tempers her representations through the emerging psychological model, which allowed her to articulate a new image anticipating the 20th century hope of curing mental diseases through psychological expression. Background Gilmans story depicts the mental collapse of a late nineteenth century housewife under dismissal the Rest Cure, who grows increasingly obsessed with a disturbing wallpaper pattern.It has been suggested that contemporary readers would have read the story as either a Poe-like study of madness, yet most modern critics charge on a feminist reading in which the wallpaper intention ally represents the oppressive patriarchal genial system (Thrailkill 2002). Jane Thrailkill, in her es rank about the psychological implications of The Yellow wallpaper, argues that this feminist reading may rattling block the work done by the story to shift 19th century medical conventions ring mental illness (Thrailkill 2002).Gilman stated that e genuinelything she wrote was for a purpose beyond mere literary entertainment, and that The Yellow Wallpaper was written in order to highlight the dangers of certain medical practices, particularly to convince Weir Mitchell to change the method acting of his Rest Cure for nervous ailments (which Gilman herself had unsuccessfully undergone) (Shumaker 1985, Thrailkill 2002).In Gilmans words, the story was, intended to save people from going crazy, and it worked (Thrailkill 2002). Like Gilman, Poe may also have suffered from mental illness, but following the mentions of his historical moment, Poe seems to have been much interested in the construction of aesthetic effects instead of how those effects might change loving and scientific perspectives.The unaccompanied mention of a cure in Poes tale is the vague hope that reading a book lead relieve excitement (Poe 2003). Nonetheless, Gilmans methods of representing madness clearly fall from Poe they both use an inspired manic voice, unnamed storytellers, nervous characters with no diagnosable illness, a seditious foregrounding of the imagination, and a haunting mood with rational design that has been considered Poes signature style (Davison 2004).Published cardinal years earlier, Poes The Fall of the House of Usher in particular seems to anticipate The Yellow Wallpaper in its manor setting and mad characterizations, and thus can serve as an opening straits from which to trace the 19th century transitions in cultural and scientific representations of madness that culminate in Gilmans tale. Analysis In The Fall of the House of Usher, an unnamed narrator, visi ting his old friend Roderick Usher, attempts to describe Rodericks madness through both outdoor(a) and internal signs of irrationality.Most immediately, Rodericks hair is described as wild and of Arabesque expression, which the narrator is unable to connect with all simple idea of humanity (Poe 2003). Similarly, Rodericks manner strikes the narrator with an incoherence an inconsistency, and his voice is comp bed to that of the lost drunkard, or the irreclaimable eater of opium (Poe 2003), all of which mark his social fight as not understandable.After the entombment of his sister, Rodericks external madness intensifies he roams with unequal, and objectless step, has a much unforgiving hue of face, a species of mad hilarity in his eyes, a restrained hysteria in his exclusively demeanor, and speaks in a gibbering murmur (Poe 2003). But all of these are, as the narrator puts it, the mere secret vagaries of madness (Poe 2003). When it comes to representing the internal process of mental breakdown, Poe (at least in this story) still notwithstanding describes Rodericks irrationality from an external and stereotypical position.Roderick describes his condition as a deplorable folly that will force him to abandon carriage and reason, he is enchained by certain superstitious impressions, and suffers from melancholy and hypochondria (two landmarks associated with earlier misunderstandings of madness) (Poe 2003). The and time we see the irrational thought process represented is in Rodericks monologue about entombing his sister alive, which uses dashes, italics, and capitalization to indicate a nervous desperation, as in Poes The Tell-Tale Heart.In contrast, Gilman drops nearly all of these external and stereotypical descriptions of madness in her story, focusing instead on a flock rendition of irrational thought processes, in particular the narrators growing obsession with the yellowish wallpaper. Early in the story, the narrator declares that shes fond of h er room, all but that horrid wallpaper, but at heart a a few(prenominal) pages this statement is turned around the narrator becomes fond of the room perhaps because of the wallpaper.It dwells in my mind so (236). The wallpaper gradually takes over the narrators thought process, breaking into separate observations without transition, as when the narrator looks out her window and sees a lovely country, full of great elms and velvet meadows. This wallpaper has a kind of sub-pattern (235). Eventually she follows that pattern about by the hour until there are few passages in the text that are not about the wallpaper (238).As her obsession grows, the narrator becomes paranoid that her maintain and stepsister are secretly make by it, and shes thus determined that nobody shall lift the pattern out but myself (239). Despite her original loathing of the wallpaper pattern, by the end of the story the narrators obsession is so consuming that she claims, I dont want to leave until I have f ound it out (240). Instead of being directly told that the narrator is enchained by her impressions like Roderick Usher, we are more than realistically shown those irrational impressions at work in themind.Another method for representing irrationality is to dangle it against a more rational perspective, which both these stories do. Poes narrator, for instance, claims to rationally explain away the otherwise inexplicable events of The Fall of the House of Usher while documenting Rodericks breakdown (Gruesser 2004). The houses peculiar atm must have been a dream his nervousness is due to the bewildering influence of the gloomy furniture the push is merely an electrical phenomena (Poe 2003).And yet the uncertainty of events displayed in this narrative unreliability suggests that the narrator might himself be going mad. After describing Rodericks wild appearance, the narrator says, it was no wonder that his condition terrified that it effected me, and begins to feel the wild influe nces of Rodericks own fantastic yet impressive superstitions (Poe 2003). This inability to rely on his own perceptions causes the narrator to flee aghast when the house collapses, where a more rational or unaffected somebody might first summon the servants or police (Gruesser 2004).According to John Gruesser, the challenge in Poes use of unreliability is that he sets reason in opposition to the supernatural, straddling the Gothic/Fantastic genre where supernatural events are more likely than their rational explanations. This supernatural possibility seems to lessen the question of whether madmen are always neurotic or can speak the truth, which becomes central for Gilmans story. The Yellow Wallpaper also uses a rational perspective in the character of her husband and physician John, who is practical in the extreme.He has no patience with faith, an incisive horror of superstition (235). Not only does John explain away the unsettling nature of the house as a draught, but he also att empts to explain away the narrators mental illness, duty it a temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency (234). As we will see, this explanation of madness as merely nerves will become a large concern for 19th century discussions on mental illness, and as such comes murder as far more scientifically realistic than explaining madness through the supernatural.Gilman also has her narrator attempt to rationalize her own madness, number 1 the story with her claim of being ordinary people, and continuing this attempt to rationalize even through her mental deterioration it is getting to be a great effort for me to think straight. Just this nervous impuissance I suppose (238). While this use of unreliable explanations is similar to Poes, it reads as more realistic because Gilman frames her story in a way that denies the Gothic discourse of supernatural explanations.Despite its eventual medical ineffectuality, the label of nerves is one of the clearest literary representa tions of madness attempting to explain or deny its mental character. True nervous very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am claims the narrator of Poes The Tell-Tale Heart, but why will you say that I am mad? (Poe 2003). The Usher family madness in The Fall of the House of Usher is in like manner coded Roderick attempts to pass off their constitutional and family evil as a mere nervous affection (Poe 2003).He has an lush nervous agitation and acute bodily illness, and a morbid acuteness of the senses that makes most food, garments, odors, light, and sounds intolerable (Poe 2003). Madeline is diagnosed with a settled apathy, a gradual wasting away, because whatever is actually wrong with her long baffled the acquirement of her physicians (Poe 2003). Whether or not these characters are actually mad, one gets the feeling that the word nerves is used by Poe to explain or make legible the Usher family condition for the mid-19th century reader, indicating that it may be a biol ogical rather than moral or supernatural disorder.The narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper also articulates her condition as nervousness, but within the late-19th century occlusion of madness as merely nerves, this term seems to indicate less an explanation as much as an excuse or denial of any deeper mental problem. As the narrator says in what is easily read as a flippant tone, I never used to be so sensitive, I think it is due to this nervous condition, and of course it is only nervousness that causes her actions to require a greater effort (235).Though her husband has told the narrator that her nervous case is not serious, she expresses a new dissatisfaction with this diagnoses these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing (236). This almost ironic but clearly critical representation of nervous disorders marks a break from Poes story, but even more importantly indicates the struggle Gilman went through in her own life against the American medical industrys changing view of menta l illnesses.Though The Yellow Wallpaper was written to specifically address the Rest Cure, as Thrailkill suggests, the story helped shift the medical paradigm from looking at the patients body to listening to their words (Thrailkill 2003). The story is permeated with this desire to talk beyond the traditional psychiatric model not only is the narrator forbidden to write, but her physician husband only sees her physical improvements of flesh and color, paternally dismissing any of her objections (240).To write, however, is the one thing the narrator consistently feels would make her well it is a relief to say what I feel and think. Thrailkill offers a reading that Gilmans narrator at first emulates Mitchells physiologic approach in looking at the wallpaper, which then shifts to the articulation of a narrative surrounding the charr in the paper, essentially equating the narrator to a medical text (Thrailkill 2003).We do not deficiency to stretch so far however, as the story is alre ady framed as a daybook or journal, that is, it claims to be the expression of a persons actual experience. Though the narrator has problem writing, she continues to write, honestly detailing the thoughts, feelings, and visions attending her mental breakdown in a manner that anticipates the 20th century psychological recognition that madness contains a truthful lucidity (Davison 2004).A mentally unstable persons journal thus represents exactly the kind of irrelevant story that can cure, and which any sympathetic reader can understand as a valid psychological experience of someone who is no long-range seen as socially other or mad, bad, and dangerous. Consequently, while Poes The Fall of the House of Usher comes off as simply an entertaining story about some stereotypical madmen, Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is ultimately a psychologically real portrayal of the subjective experience of someone going mad.