Psychological Insights about Lord of the Flies Essay

Abstract Sigmund Freud’s personality structure is used throughout William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies. Each character has the personality trait of Freud’s Id, Ego and Superego structure. Their personalities are challenged in the story due to the theme of a deserted tropical island. The 3 main characters minds are challenged the most in the story because Ralph and Jack are supposed to be leaders. Ralph only wants what is best for the boys and Jack only cares about hunting and surviving. Golding uses Freud’s personality theory to explain the personalities of the main characters. Ralph is the Ego, Jack is the Id, and Piggy is the Super-Ego. Williams Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies uses Sigmund Freud’s personality structural theory: Id, Ego and Superego. Each character in the book starts off with one personality, but then their mind is challenged when they crash into a deserted island. The boys have no parental authority and they realize it. At first they think life is going to be alright until most of them turn into a complete wild savage and they are no longer the well-behaved school boy they once were. Golding uses Freud’s personality theory to explain the personalities of the main characters. Ralph is the Ego, Jack is the Id, and Piggy is the Super-Ego. The Ego is supposed to be the balance between the Id and the Superego. Read more:  Simon quotes lord of the flies essay They understand that others have desires and needs and that being selfish can hurt us in the end. The Ego is the character who is supposed to be the better one out of everyone. Ralph is the ultimate Ego personality in Lord of the Flies. His conscience is balanced by Jack (Id) and Piggy (Superego). At the beginning, he does not know that he is the main key to survival, but soon to find out he really is. Ralph becomes a leader and wants to do well because of the influence of Piggy. When Ralph finds a conch shell and decides to use it as the main speaking tool on the island he shows a strong sense of Ego. â€Å"We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They’ll come when they hear us.† He beamed at Ralph. â€Å"That was what you meant, didn’t you? That’s why you got the conch out of the water?† (Page 16) Whoever was holding the conch was allowed to speak and no one should interrupt. Ralph has a big heart and thinks before he acts. He shoes his kindness by protecting Piggy and only wanting what is best for all the other boys. Freud’s Superego personality represents the conscience. It is developed through moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers. Piggy is definitely the Superego in Lord of the Flies. Piggy is the Superego because he is the only boy who can see danger ahead of them. He tries to show kindness to all the other boys, but in return all he is picked on. Piggy sticks by Ralph’s side through the entire book. â€Å"Piggy was†¦ so full of pride in his contribution to the good of society that he helped to fetch wood.† Piggy only wanted what was best for the boys and for them to work together. He was considered the more scientific person of the group. His glasses played an important role in the book because they started the signal fire for the boys to be rescued. Even though Piggy was whinny and complained a lot he always stuck by Ralph’s side and never gave up on the thought that they could be rescued. The biggest personality that plays apart in Lord of the Flies is the Id. The Id overcomes most of the boys and makes them change. An Id personality contains our primitive impulses. Jack shows the change to the Id personality the most in the story. He starts off as a well-behaved young boy and then ended up turning into a wild savage. Jack becomes obsessed with hunting and killing animals. â€Å"‘Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in!’ (Chapter 7) His whole mindset is about being hunter and nothing else matters. Freud says that an Id personality can sometimes represented by a devil sitting on someone’s shoulder. The devil sitting on Jack’s shoulder is making him change completely. At the beginning, Jack never would have thought about killing one of his friends, but his wild mindset takes over him and his group and they kill their friend Simon. Jacks sidekick Roger is just like him. Roger ends up rolling a boulder off the side of a cliff and smashing Piggy’s brains out and killing him. Both Jack and Roger let the devil get the best of them and do not realize it until the very end when they are rescued. All of the characters have a define personality on the island. Some of them change and others stay the same. The animalistic urges of the Id really come out in Lord of the Flies. The primitive desires of the Id are the leading feature of one’s individuality. The characters that symbolize the animalistic urges of the Id are created in order to demonstrate the primitive unconscious part of the human mind. There is a portion of Id in each character, but Jack, Roger, and Ralph are the most excellent examples. The Beast is a big symbol in the story because all the boys think there is a real beast on the island; when truly the beast is inside the boys. The only character to realize this is Simon because when he imagines the Lord of the Flies (pig head) is talking to him it tells him that the boys fear the beast because it is truly inside of them. Simon never explains to them because the inner beast comes out when the boys kill Simon when he runs out of the forest. The symbol of the beast takes over most of the boys. The beast is a psychological symbol inside the boys minds. Lord of the flies just isn’t just based on a psychological insight, but also how human nature takes over. K.M. Parivelan’s critical article about William Golding’s Lord of the Flies talks about how the book shows a psychological approach about human-self and human nature. â€Å"The work characterizes Golding’s underlying theme ‘man produces evil as a bee produces honey’. In all his works the author has relentlessly pursued the objective of making man face ‘the sad fact of his own cruelty and lust’ and has upheld the conviction ‘man is a fallen being’. The fact that man is gripped by original sin and is in an inherently perilous state justifies evil and Psychological Insights its innate fusion with human existence.† Parivelan is saying that Golding shows in Lord of the Flies that the boys on the island show their inner evil through human-self and human nature. The nature of the island makes the boys become a person who they really are not. Death and the presences of destruction come out of most of the boys, while â€Å"Right from the beginning, Ralph is the only character who demonstrates his resolve for creating a democratic society. Initially, he is exultant due to the new freedom.† Evil really shows in Lord of the Flies through the power of human-self and human nature. Evil, hunting and killing is now the only thing the boys care about. A human beings personality can change at time and in extraordinary situations. It all comes back to a psychological mind change and a personality. No human being has the same personality their whole life. Human nature can make a human being change completely if they have never lived in that kind of environment before. Ralph tries to be the civilized one and make sure there are ground rules that boys follow so nothing bad would happen. In the end, Jack turns on Ralph and becomes an evil and has a killing mind set. Ralph just wants the boys to work together so he creates a way of speaking when they have meetings. â€Å"At the beginning, the conch becomes a really powerful symbol for law, order and civilization. As the boys are slowly descending into savagery, the conch loses its influence among them.† The civilization among the boys changes and they do not work together. At the end, two of the boys lose their lives due to the â€Å"evil† psychological mind change of most of the boys. Sigmund Freud’s theory plays a huge role throughout the whole story. Each character starts out with one personality and then it changes into another. The â€Å"beast† was not really on the island, but truly inside of the boys. It took over most of them. Jack and Roger become pure evil and only care about killing animals and even humans. In the end, the boys are rescued and reality strikes back into their heads. All of the boys start to weep and finally realize what they had become. The boys had lost two of their good friends because they had let the â€Å"beast† overcome them. The boys probably learned an important lesson about how a human mind can snap at any given moment. Psychological Insights Parivelan , K. M. (n.d.). critical analysis of the psychological insights in Lord of the Flies by William Golding . Retrieved from Meghdutam website: http://www.rbhs.w-cook.k12.il.us/Mancoff/lofcritan.htm Psychological Behavior in â€Å"Lord of the Flies†. (2006). Retrieved from BookRags, Inc. website: http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/6/16/202753/419

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Stand Up for Africa Essay Culture can be known as the identity or distinction of the people belonging to a certain religion, area or country. Culture shows the way in which the group of people led their life. Culture basically shows the beliefs, values, standards, life styles, traditions and behavior of the people that are belonging to a certain class. Culture makes a difference between the people of different areas and religions. People from different cultures can share each other’s culture if some aspect of one culture attracts them. (Define culture, 1, 2009) Ethnic Culture: Ethnic culture refers to the group of people that are having same historical culture or same geographical location. It simply refers to the entire background of the people. The basic traditional approach and background of ethnic groups are same. The word is basically a Greek word and it means the tribe or a nation. Ethnic culture has not been created on the bases of racial differences rather it is quite a different concept than races. The ethnic groups are made on the bases of their original land, tribes and history. The characteristics that are shared in ethnic culture may include country, origin, language, religion, ancestors and the culture shared by the ancestors. Ethnicity depends upon many different features and these features are related to the biological and historical attribute so the ethnicity is never affected and get changed by the culture in which a person is living. He will always be linked up with his ethnic culture no matter where he is living. The preservation of culture and ethnicity is the responsibility of the people belonging to that culture or ethnic group. A person should always be proud of his history and ethnicity. (Allison, 1, n. d) Western Society: It is considered that the western countries that are forming the western society are having a much modernized way of living. Their life style is pretty high as compared to the other countries of the world. Western society is mostly identified by the high levels of educated people and the modernized way of living. Western society is purely based on the modernized world and fashion and they are apparently not following any ethnic culture. The western society is totally moving ahead towards glamour, fashion and high levels of life styles. Many of the western society related people believe that ethnicity is of no value now. They consider people old fashioned if they are ethical. The western society follows the values that are set by their own. The western values include freedom, equality and modernism. All the European countries are basically western countries. (Western society, 1, n. d) Integration of Western Society and Ethnic Culture: In today’s world the ethnicity and culture are becoming so complex due to the integration of ethnic culture with the western society and as it is a known fact that western society keeps on changing and new trends and traditions are emerging in the western society. The integration of western society and ethnic culture is really a confused one as both are having different values and believes. The western society is very much impressed by the new innovations and developments. This is the age of globalization and developments and the ethnic culture is obviously lacking the innovative approach as well as it does not present any independent system. The ethnic culture is totally dependant over the customs and traditions that were set by their ancestors. Although the western society is having their own values and are just concerned with the independence and innovation but still the presence of ethnicity in the western society can not be denied because no matter to which direction the society is moving but the basis were obviously the ethnic culture of Europe. The ethnic culture has provided the roots from where the society started to flourish so the ethnicity can not be denied. Every culture and society does posses some root culture or tradition and the western society also follow the ethnic culture of Europe. But apart from the development and innovations it is recommended that the ethnicity should also be protected. (Bazieva, 1, 1998) Ethnicity can be defined as the perception of a person about himself by being a member of an ethnic group having some history and attitude to follow. Ethnic culture continues to develop and it is not a static process. Ethnicity develops by adapting a process of observing the ethnic culture for some period of time and then exploring many new things and making their relation with the changes that are being made in society today. So in this way developments in ethnic cultures are being made. Although the western societies are hardly following any ethnic culture but whatever they are doing in the world today they always integrate their modern doings with their ethnic cultures. So with the integration of ethnic cultures in to the western society it can not be said that the ethnic cultures have lost their identities because even in today’s modernized western society still the people want to show some history of their ethnic culture in all of their changing trends some how. But the main thing is that how can the ethnic cultures and western society can merge together as they are two quite different ways of living. If both the cultures are integrating then again there will be some people who would not be able to manage. The integration of ethnic culture with western society obviously provides bicultural environment in which in most of the cases it has been observed that ethnic culture never loses its identity instead the ethnic culture comes first always. When the ethnic culture is being mingled up with the western society then according to the Sommers, â€Å"Understanding the process and components of the ethnic identification is valuable. In addition, it may also help to prevent numerous psychological dysfunctions related to identity confusion† This statement illustrates that the integration of ethnic culture and western society is possible but it is necessary that the elements of ethnic culture should be understood properly and also should be preserved as they have got a lot of value because they belong to their background and history and also have been shared by their forefathers. The elements and characteristics of ethnic identity and culture are very much valuable assets for any individual that he should keep safe through out his life no matter where is he living and how. It is not bad to adapt some thing new or to be modernized but the main thing is that one should never forget his ethnicity. If the ethnic identities are getting mixed up or lost then it also can create serious mental confusions for a person and he will be confused that what he should adapt or what he should not so the ethnic culture should never be ignored. (Huang, 1, 1996) Obviously the western culture has got a lot of differences if it is compared with the ethnic culture and every ethnic culture is different from the other then still in these situations if the adaptation or integration of ethnic and western cultures occur then a lot of struggle is required to bridge the gap between the two cultures. This amalgamation some times also creates conflicts between the groups of people because in this modernized society there are many people who do not believe in ethnicity and also do not respect their history and background so the people who are in favor of ethnicity get hurt by this thing and such a situation creates the situation of conflicts. In this diversified world it is not possible to avoid the amalgamation of different cultures in to the modern world so the bond between different cultures is getting necessary but the main thing is to highlight the ethnic values and believes so that the up coming generations do not completely forget the values of their fore fathers. If the ethnic values are not presented clearly then the upcoming generations will never be able to understand their history and culture. There should be always space for all the ethnic cultures when they are being adapted by the western society. The western society should not adapt it in such a way that the ethnic culture looses its identity. There should always be a balance between the different cultures; which means that the attitudes, identity, beliefs and values should never be ignored. If the different identities are maintained then the integration of western society and ethnic cultures will never create any issue like loss of identity and so on but if the ethnic values are being ignored then this will lead to some loss as the values that are given by the elders are always helpful in all the aspects. Basically the integration of cultures never makes any culture to loose its values and beliefs until and unless the people who are following that culture are also respecting the customs and traditions set by their ethnic culture. The adaptation of modernization is not some thing wrong but the thing is to preserve your ethnicity and develop your society by keeping in mind your ethnic culture and new customs and traditions should be introduced only by having the background in the mind. (Boulding, 1, 1998)